Final answer:
A 70-year-old female with symptoms of sudden onset left lower extremity pain, coolness, and absent pulses likely has Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), especially considering her medical history. Immediate medical intervention is necessary to prevent complications like limb loss or cardiovascular events.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most likely diagnosis for a 70-year-old female presenting with sudden onset left lower extremity pain, coolness, mottled appearance and absent Dorsalis Pedis and posterior tibialis pulses is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD).
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) occurs when atherosclerosis causes the narrowing of peripheral arteries, often affecting the legs. PAD can lead to severe consequences if not diagnosed and treated promptly as it may cause pain, skin changes, and in severe cases, limb ischemia. The patient's history of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypothyroidism are significant risk factors for the development of PAD. These conditions contribute to atherosclerosis, which is the underlying mechanism of PAD.
Symptoms of PAD can vary, but include intermittent claudication, which is leg pain during exertion that usually resolves with rest. The presentation of sudden onset extremity pain along with a cool, mottled limb and absence of pulses suggests acute ischemia, a severe form of PAD. Diagnosing PAD early is crucial for the management of the disease and to prevent complications such as heart attack or stroke. The absence of pulses is a critical sign that requires immediate attention to restore blood flow and avoid irreversible damage to the limb.