Final answer:
Oxygen therapy is used to saturate hemoglobin with oxygen. Anabolic steroids have various applications but misuse can cause severe health issues including psychological effects and physical changes. Short-acting beta agonists act on beta-2 adrenergic receptors to relax bronchial muscles but may also impact heart rate and blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effects of oxygen therapy, anabolic steroids, and short-acting beta agonists are pharmacologically and physiologically significant. Oxygen therapy increases the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen, which can be affected by certain hormones and conditions that alter the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/disassociation curve.
Anabolic steroids, which are synthetic variations of the male sex hormone testosterone, can be prescribed for certain medical conditions but often are misused.
The misuse of steroids may lead to a variety of effects such as mood disturbances, aggression, known as "roid rage," and can have serious health implications like liver damage, heart disease, and alterations in physical appearance.
Short-acting beta agonists, like albuterol, are medications that mainly act on the beta-2 adrenergic receptors to relax smooth muscle in the bronchi, easing breathing in conditions like asthma.
However, the misuse of performance-enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids is banned in sports due to the unfair advantage and health risks they pose, including potential cardiac issues and growth stunting in adolescents.
Moreover, oxygen plays a role in the production of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) by erythrocytes during glycolysis, allowing for more effective oxygen delivery to tissues. Steroids could potentially affect this balance. It's also worth noting that beta-2 agonists may have some cardiovascular effects, such as altering heart rate in certain circumstances.