Final answer:
1) Binary encoding system, The encoding system used in telegraphy is Morse Code, which transmits letters and numbers via a series of long and short signals. It was pivotal for early rapid long-distance communication and preceded modern binary-based systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The encoding system used to transmit data in a telegraph system is known as Morse Code. In the telegraph system, Morse Code represented letters and numbers through a series of long and short signals, often referred to as 'dots' and 'dashes'.
This code was invented by Samuel Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, enabling the first rapid long-distance communication in the 1830s. Unlike modern digital communications, which use a binary encoding system, Morse Code is a type of early digital encoding system specifically designed for telegraphy before the emergence of more complex encoding systems like ASCII or Unicode.
In a telegraph system, the encoding system used to transmit data is **1) Binary encoding system.** Telegraph systems traditionally used Morse code, a binary system where information is represented by combinations of dots and dashes. Each character is encoded as a unique sequence of short and long signals, forming the basis of Morse code communication.
Unlike ASCII (option 2), Unicode (option 3), or Base64 (option 4) encoding systems that involve more complex representations, the simplicity and efficiency of binary encoding made Morse code a practical choice for early telegraphy, enabling the transmission of messages over long distances through telegraph wires.