Final answer:
The federal judiciary has upheld some voter identification laws and struck down others since 2008.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is option 3) upheld some voter identification laws and struck down others.
Since 2008, the federal judiciary has not consistently ruled in favor of or against all voter identification laws. The Supreme Court's decision in Crawford v. Marion County Election Board (2008) found Indiana's voter identification requirement to be constitutional, setting a precedent that allowed for some voter identification laws to be upheld. However, other voter identification laws have been challenged in court and struck down, particularly if they are found to disproportionately affect minorities and restrict their right to vote.
It is important to note that the legality of voter identification laws may vary depending on the specific circumstances and the specific law being challenged.