Final answer:
The correct option is 1. A bracket is an orthodontic attachment welded to bands or bonded directly to teeth, serving as the handle for the archwire that realigns teeth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The attachment that is either welded to bands or attached to a backing pad and then bonded directly to the teeth is called a bracket. Brackets are crucial components in orthodontic braces, as they serve as handles to hold the archwire that moves the teeth into the desired positions.
This system applies controlled forces to the teeth in order to adjust their alignment. These brackets, when combined with the tension from the archwire, result in the desired realignment of teeth over time, working towards an improved bite and aesthetically pleasing smile.