Final answer:
The incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung, often due to blockage in the air passages or pneumothorax, is known as atelectasis. It prevents lungs from filling with air and affects respiratory efficiency. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause to restore lung function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax is known as atelectasis. This condition occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated, hindering respiratory efficiency. It can result from a variety of factors, including a blockage in the air passages caused by mucus, tumor, or foreign objects, or by conditions such as pneumothorax, where air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing lung collapse.
Atelectasis is different from pneumonia, which involves inflammation and fluid in the alveoli typically due to infection; COPD, characterized by long-term poor airflow due to damaged alveoli; and aphonia, which is the loss of voice. It is essential to address the underlying cause of atelectasis to restore normal lung function. Treatment might include respiratory therapies to reopen the alveoli, medications, or surgery, depending on the cause.