Final answer:
The medical term for removing fatty plaques from an artery is endarterectomy, which is a surgery performed when atherosclerosis causes significant narrowing of the vessel.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct medical term for the removal of fatty plaques from inside an artery is endarterectomy. This surgical procedure is used to remove plaque from the inner lining of an artery when the artery has been significantly narrowed by the buildup of fatty deposits, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Treatment for atherosclerosis often includes recommendations for lifestyle changes, such as adopting a diet low in sodium and saturated fats, and increasing physical activity. In addition, medications to lower cholesterol and control blood pressure may be prescribed. However, in severe cases, surgical interventions like endarterectomy, angioplasty with a balloon catheter, insertion of a stent, or coronary bypass procedures may be warranted.