Final answer:
In microdermabrasion treatment, toner is applied during the cleansing stage to thoroughly clean the skin and reduce microbial load before proceeding to exfoliation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Toner is typically applied during the cleansing stage of the microdermabrasion treatment. The purpose of the toner is to help reduce microbial load on the skin by using mild chemicals to create a clean, fresh slate for subsequent treatment stages. Toner removes any remaining impurities and helps to restore the pH balance of the skin. Although the use of toner is a critical part of skincare routines, it is particularly important in professional treatments like microdermabrasion to ensure that the skin is properly prepped for the exfoliation process. It also helps to restore the pH balance of the skin and prepare it for further treatment or hydration.
After toner application, the skin is ready to proceed to the exfoliation step, which is typically the fourth step where the physical or chemical exfoliant is applied to slough off the dead skin cells and reveal refreshed, smoother skin beneath. In summary, toner is used during the cleansing phase to thoroughly clean the skin before moving on to the exfoliation step.