Question

Which of the following is not included in the BPS scale (non-verbal pain scale)?

1) Facial expression (relaxed, tightened grimace, etc.)
2) Upper limbs (no movement, fully bent fingers, retraction, tolerating movement)
3) Body position (rigid, curled up, etc.)
4) Compliance with ventilation (coughing, fighting ventilation)

Answer 1

Compliance with ventilation is not included in the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), which measures non-verbal indicators of pain like facial expression, upper limb movement, and body position in sedated and ventilated patients.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) is a non-verbal pain assessment tool utilized for patients unable to communicate verbally, often seen in intensive care settings. Among the listed options, Compliance with ventilation (such as coughing or fighting ventilation) is the aspect not included in the BPS scale. The BPS looks specifically at non-verbal indicators which include Facial expression, Upper limbs movement, and Body position.

BPS is designed to evaluate pain in sedated and ventilated patients by observing physical responses. The scale includes three categories: facial expression, movements of upper limbs, and body position, each scored respectively. Professionals are trained to observe and score these categories in order to deduce the level of pain a patient experiences. Recognizing pain levels in patients who cannot verbally articulate their discomfort require objective measurement tools like the BPS to administer appropriate pain management.