Final answer:
The organs that can extrude through the umbilicus and are sealed with peritoneum are typically the small intestine and parts of the large intestine, as they are enveloped by the visceral peritoneum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question regarding which organs can extrude through the umbilicus and are sealed with peritoneum pertains to the abdominal organs held in place by the peritoneal membrane. Specifically, the organs that can protrude at the umbilicus, like in the case of umbilical hernia, are typically those enveloped by the visceral peritoneum, which includes structures such as the small intestine or parts of the large intestine. However, the stomach and liver are typically not involved in this type of extrusion.
The visceral peritoneum is a serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs, and certain organs are described as retroperitoneal as they are partially or completely posterior to the peritoneum, and do not push through into the umbilical region.
Therefore, the small intestine and the large intestine would be the organs that can extrude through the umbilicus and are sealed with the peritoneum, as mentioned in the options provided.