Final answer:
A funduscopic exam showing hemorrhage, increased retinal BV size, painless monocular vision loss, 'blood and thunder appearance,' edema, and cotton wool spots typically indicates central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), a venous occlusive disease of the retina.
Step-by-step explanation:
The findings on a funduscopic exam in a patient with the described symptoms are characteristic of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Specifically, these symptoms include hemorrhage, increased retinal blood vessel (BV) size, painless monocular vision loss, a 'blood and thunder appearance,' edema, and cotton wool spots. The 'blood and thunder appearance' is distinctive for CRVO and refers to the presence of extensive retinal hemorrhages and engorged, tortuous retinal veins. Edema in this context is the swelling of the retina due to fluid leakage from the obstructed veins. Cotton wool spots are indicative of microinfarctions in the retinal nerve fiber layer. These findings, coupled with the absence of pain, suggest venous occlusive disease rather than an inflammatory or infectious process such as meningitis, which typically would present with additional symptoms like headache, fever, or neck stiffness and would prompt immediate neurological evaluation.