Final answer:
A bureau that imposes restrictions and requirements on the private sector is termed a regulatory agency. These agencies enact rules and standards for various industries to protect public interest, with regulatory policies typically benefiting a wide section of society thanks to their diffuse positive effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
A bureau charged with putting restrictions and obligations on individuals or corporations in the private sector is called a regulatory agency. Regulatory agencies, such as the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Federal Communications Commission, or the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), are established to control and supervise certain sectors of the economy, ensuring they adhere to laws designed to protect the public, environment, and market integrity. These agencies have significant authority and can influence industry practices substantially.
When considering which type of policy directly benefits the most citizens, regulatory policy and distributive policy are two options. Regulatory policy focuses on ensuring safety, fairness, and environmental protection which generally benefits a larger portion of society by creating diffuse benefits across various citizen groups. On the other hand, distributive policy often has diffuse costs but provides concentrated benefits to specific groups. Between these two, regulatory policies tend to have broader societal benefits.