Final answer:
A non-ionic lubricating eye ointment is applied to prevent corneal drying and damage, maintaining the health of the palpebral conjunctiva and the cornea. The ointment serves to keep the eye moist when eyelids cannot be closed naturally.
Step-by-step explanation:
To maintain the integrity of the epithelial surface and prevent corneal drying or damage, a non-ionic ointment such as lubricating eye ointment is applied to each eye, and then the eyelids are taped closed. This practice is especially important in medical situations where the patient may not be able to blink or close their eyes naturally, such as during surgery or due to certain medical conditions. The function of the ointment is to provide a protective barrier over the palpebral conjunctiva membrane, which is attached to the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the anterior surface of the cornea, ensuring that the eye remains moist.
Layers like the palpebral conjunctiva are part of the eye's defense mechanism against environmental insults, as they help to lubricate and protect the eyeball. The presence of normal conjunctival microbiota also forms a part of this defense system. Regular tear production by the lacrimal gland and its distribution over the eye surface via the lacrimal ducts aids in the removal of foreign particles and provides essential nutrients to the conjunctiva and cornea.