Final answer:
The Constitution grants the president specific powers like being commander in chief and negotiating treaties, subject to limitations including congressional oversight. The power of the presidency has expanded through history with tools like executive orders, yet it is balanced by Congress's ability to legislate and impeach.
Step-by-step explanation:
Constitutional Powers of the President
The Constitution delineates several powers to the president, including serving as commander in chief of the armed forces, issuing reprieves and pardons for federal offenses, requiring opinions from principal officers of executive departments, negotiating treaties with foreign nations with the advice and consent of the Senate, and receiving ambassadors and other public ministers. These are examples of the formal powers granted to the U.S. president under the Constitution.
Limitations on Presidential Powers
While presidents have significant powers, they also operate under a system of checks and balances. Congressional limitations play a critical role in this system. For instance, Congress has the power to override presidential vetoes with a two-thirds majority in both houses, and it can also rescind or change laws that affect the implementation of executive orders. Moreover, presidents are subject to impeachment for wrongdoing, indicating a significant check on presidential power by the legislative branch.
Examples of Limitations and Expansion of Power
Historically, the power of the presidency has both expanded and been challenged. For example, the use of executive orders and executive privilege have been tools for expanding presidential power. However, the president's actions, including such unilateral measures, can and have been subject to judicial review and Congress's legislative authority, illustrating the system of constitutional checks and balances.