Final answer:
Repolarization changes in LVH on an ECG typically present as deepened and widened T waves. The heart's electrical activity, including repolarization, is key to its function and cardiac output, influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Step-by-step explanation:
Repolarization changes in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) include alterations in the T wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG). During LVH, the myocardial mass increases, which can prolong the repolarization process. This often results in a deeper and wider T wave, sometimes referred to as a left ventricular strain pattern. The ECG is a critical tool in diagnosing and assessing heart conditions such as LVH, as it reflects the heart's electrical activity, including depolarization and repolarization phases crucial for cardiac function.
Factors affecting heart stroke volume and cardiac output include preload, afterload, and contractility. Positive factors like increased calcium availability and sympathetic stimulation enhance contractility, while negative factors such as hypoxia or acidosis can diminish it. Stroke volume is influenced by venous return, ventricular filling, and pressure during ejection phases, while cardiac output is determined by both stroke volume and heart rate. The cardiac response to blood flow and pressure variations involves intricate mechanisms that adjust heart rate and contractility to maintain adequate circulation.