Final answer:
Ketamine can cause side effects such as disorientation, hallucinations, and increased heart rate, which are managed with supportive care, medications, and a controlled environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ketamine, known as a dissociative anesthetic used in both human and veterinary medicine, has several side effects when used illicitly or in a medical context. Some common side effects include disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and potential for abuse and dependence. To treat these effects, supportive care in a medical setting is vital. For disorientation and confusion, a calm and safe environment is provided to help minimize psychological stress. Hallucinations may be managed by reducing stimuli and, if necessary, administering antipsychotic medications. Elevated heart rate and blood pressure may require the use of medications to stabilize cardiovascular function. Nausea and vomiting can be treated with antiemetic medications.