Final answer:
Albumin is used to prevent renal failure in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) with a typical dose of 1.5 g/kg initially followed by 1 g/kg. It works by expanding plasma volume and improving kidney blood flow.
Step-by-step explanation:
Albumin is indicated for the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) to prevent renal failure, a severe complication associated with this condition. The recommended dosing regimen is 1.5 g/kg body weight within 6 hours of diagnosis, followed by 1 g/kg body weight on day 3. In the context of SBP, albumin plays a crucial role in preventing renal failure by expanding plasma volume and enhancing renal blood flow.
This action counteracts the effects of endotoxin-induced vasodilation, a key contributor to the development of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). HRS is characterized by a rapid deterioration in kidney function and is a serious complication of SBP. Albumin administration in SBP patients helps mitigate the risk of HRS, providing an essential therapeutic approach to safeguard renal function and improve overall clinical outcomes.