Final answer:
Kerala reduced their birth rate, mortality rate, and TFR by educating women, providing modern health services, improving infant survival rates, ensuring better economic security, and offering access to contraception.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kerala has made significant strides in reducing their birth rate, mortality rate, and Total Fertility Rate (TFR) through a combination of strategies. These strategies include educating women, which empowers them with knowledge about family planning and provides greater economic opportunities. In addition, the state has seen the introduction of modern health services, improving the general health of its population, and leading to a reduction in infant mortality and the reassurance for parents that their offspring are more likely to survive to adulthood. This assurance, combined with better economic security, contributes to a demographic shift where families decide to have fewer children.
Access to contraception and a societal shift in the perception of women's roles have also played significant roles in Kerala's population control. Unlike punitive measures found in some societies, Kerala's approach has focused on education, empowerment, and health services to achieve sustainable population control.