Final answer:
Warfarin causes an elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) time due to inadequate production of clotting factors, as it inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent factors in the liver. Monitoring INR levels is essential to balance the risk of thrombosis and bleeding in patients on warfarin.
Step-by-step explanation:
Warfarin presents with an elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) time due to inadequate production of clotting factors. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, primarily in the liver. These factors are critical for the blood clotting process, particularly within the extrinsic pathway. An elevated INR indicates that the coagulation process is slower than normal, implying that the blood is less likely to clot. This effect is beneficial for preventing thrombosis but may increase the risk of bleeding if the INR is excessively high.
Therefore, monitoring INR levels is essential for patients on warfarin to maintain the balance between preventing clotting and avoiding excessive bleeding.
Moreover, pharmacogenomics can assist in optimizing warfarin dosing to prevent overdose, as liver function, which affects the metabolism of warfarin, can vary among individuals.