Final answer:
Initial puppy and kitten examinations may reveal congenital problems, which are issues present from birth and can range from minor to severe health conditions. (option 1 is the correct answer).
Step-by-step explanation:
Problems present at birth in puppies and kittens are known as congenital problems. These issues can range from minor physical irregularities to severe health conditions. Congenital problems can be identified during initial pet examinations and may include conditions such as congenital hydronephrosis, duplicated ureter, or polycystic kidney disease. Selective breeding can sometimes exacerbate these problems by narrowing the gene pool and making animals more prone to certain hereditary conditions, including hip dysplasia, deafness, and heart issues in pedigreed cats, as a result of reduced genetic diversity.
All of these conditions are inherited at birth, displaying the effect of genes passed down from both parents.
The recognition of congenital problems during initial puppy and kitten examinations is fundamental for providing prompt and targeted veterinary care. Early detection facilitates better management of these conditions, contributing to the overall health and quality of life of the young animals as they grow and develop.