Final answer:
The priority in assessing a patient with dysphagia after a stroke is ensuring a clear airway and safe swallowing to prevent aspiration. The neurological exam includes checking the hypoglossal nerve and looking for neurological impairments using the FAST mnemonic, which is critical for patient safety and recovery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The priority when assessing a patient with dysphagia following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke, is ensuring the patient's airway is clear and that they can swallow safely to prevent aspiration, which can lead to pneumonia or other complications. A rapid assessment is crucial because dysphagia can severely impact a patient's ability to eat and drink, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. During the neurological exam, the healthcare professional will inspect the oral cavity and pharynx, and test cranial nerve function to evaluate dysphagia severity and the risk of aspiration.
Checking the function of the hypoglossal nerve is part of this examination, as issues with tongue movement can indicate damage in the brainstem or nerve itself, which is essential for safe swallowing. Additionally, monitoring for signs of neurological impairment, and utilizing the FAST mnemonic (Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, Time to call emergency services) is imperative during the initial evaluation of a stroke patient. Careful observation and timely intervention can significantly affect recovery outcomes and overall patient safety.