Final answer:
The tilt angle is crucial for the efficiency of solar collectors and is typically set equal to the site's latitude to maximize sunlight interception. Adjustments to this angle can optimize energy production and reduce seasonal variances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The angle, measured from the horizontal, at which a flat-plate collector is mounted is known as the tilt angle. This tilt angle is critical in maximizing the efficiency of a solar collector by ensuring the sun's rays strike the panel as perpendicularly as possible.
The optimal tilt angle often equals the latitude of the site where the solar panels are installed. By tilting the collector at an angle, for example, around 45°, it catches a higher concentration of sunlight compared to when it is laid flat, increasing energy yield. Seasonal adjustments to the tilt can further optimize solar gain and minimize seasonal variation in energy production.
Aside from solar panel applications, the concept of tilt can also be found in theodolites used in surveying, where both elevation and azimuth are measured to specify a direction. While azimuth is measured clockwise from north, the tilt of a solar panel is typically oriented south in the Northern Hemisphere.
Best Practices for Solar Panel Tilt Angles
Research indicates that a tilt angle equal to the site latitude results in the best annual yield. Moreover, a tilted panel setup can outperform a flat setup by catching all the incoming sunlight with fewer panels required. This configuration reduces the need for additional panels and avoids self-shading when panels are placed too close together at flat angles.