Final answer:
Biological therapy, or immunotherapy, uses Biological Response Modifiers (BRM) to stimulate the immune system against cancer. It includes immune cell enhancement, suppression of tumor growth, and immune response stimulation through T cells, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. Targeted chemotherapy and nanotechnology are also advancing to improve the specificity and efficacy of cancer treatments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biological Therapy for Cancer Treatment
Biological therapy, also known as immunotherapy, involves the use of Biological Response Modifiers (BRM) to treat cancer by stimulating the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. This therapy may include the activation of cytotoxic T cells, therapeutic vaccines, and non-specific immunotherapies such as interferons and interleukins. Additionally, scientists work on targeted chemotherapy that aims at specific cancer-causing proteins to minimize damage to healthy tissues.
Biological therapy can function through various actions:
Immune cell enhancement - using cells such as T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells to improve the immune system's ability to combat cancer.
Suppression of cancer cell growth - using agents such as monoclonal antibodies, interferons, and interleukins to inhibit tumor growth and spread.
Stimulation of the immune response - Using substances such as vaccines, adjuvants, and cytokines to strengthen the immune system against cancer.
Cancer vaccines made from surface proteins and DNA of immunogenic cells are particularly promising, as they enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively. Nanotechnology is also being integrated into immunotherapy strategies to enhance the delivery and effectiveness of treatment.