Final answer:
Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients due to the immunocompromised state caused by the cancer and its treatments. Both viral and bacterial pathogens can contribute to cancer development and complicate existing cancer conditions. Preventative measures are essential to reduce the risk of infection and the development of cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Infection is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. This is primarily because cancer and its treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections. In fact, many cancers originate from a viral infection, with viruses such as human papilloma virus, hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T-lymphotropic virus being associated with human cancers. Additionally, bacterial infections, like the chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori leading to gastric cancer, also contribute to the disease burden.
Most cancers are noninfectious diseases caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. For instance, inherited mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Moreover, the immunocompromised state of many cancer patients due to their treatments or the cancer itself creates an environment where opportunistic pathogens can more easily cause infection, further complicating the patient's health condition.
Maintaining proper hygiene and engaging in preventative measures such as proper washing and avoiding exposure to known carcinogens are critical for preventing both the spread of infectious diseases and reducing cancer risks.