Final answer:
Circuit breakers are better than fuses because they can be reset after tripping, react faster to current fluctuations, and are more suitable for high-voltage applications with the ability to manage arc formation effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Circuit breakers and fuses are critical components in household electrical systems, acting as protective devices that interrupt excessive currents to prevent thermal hazards, including fires. Unlike fuses, circuit breakers offer a reusable solution; they can be readily reset after tripping due to an overload or short circuit. This is beneficial compared to fuses, which melt and require replacement after a single use.
The circuit breaker's quick response time is another advantage, as it reacts much faster to current fluctuations, reducing the risk of damage or hazard. Fuses take slightly longer because the metal strip needs to heat up and melt, causing a delay. Moreover, for high-voltage applications, circuit breakers are designed to manage arc formation with insulating gas and jet technology, particularly where alternating current (AC) is safer than direct current (DC), because AC current naturally falls to zero 120 times per second, presenting frequent opportunities to extinguish electric arcs.
In addition to their primary function, devices like ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) and three-wire systems provide additional safety features, guarding against shock by detecting imbalances in current or by ensuring proper grounding. These systems often employ induction and other mechanisms to enhance safety in residential and commercial electrical systems.