Final answer:
Atherosclerosis is the condition characterized by the stiffening of blood vessels due to the buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries. It can be controlled through lifestyle changes and medications and is associated with risk factors such as a high-fat diet and smoking.
Step-by-step explanation:
The stiffening of blood vessels due to fatty plaque buildup is called atherosclerosis. This condition occurs as a result of the accumulation of plaques inside the arteries, which consist of cell debris, cholesterol, fatty substances, and sometimes calcium. These deposits can narrow the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and potentially serious health complications.
Atherosclerosis begins with inflammation of the artery walls, which weakens and scars them, causing them to become less compliant. Factors that contribute to atherosclerosis include a high-fat diet, obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use, hypertension, and diabetes. Medications and lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet and regular exercise can help control the progression of atherosclerosis.