Final answer:
To treat HTN and tachycardia in patients with cocaine or amphetamine intoxication, careful administration of ß-blockers like metoprolol and propranolol is recommended, ensuring close monitoring due to the risk of bradycardia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treating hypertension (HTN) and tachycardia in a patient with cocaine or amphetamine intoxication requires careful consideration because of the sympathomimetic effects of these substances. Cocaine use causes both vasoconstriction and a significant increase in the release and inhibition of the reuptake of neurotransmitters like dopamine, which can increase blood pressure and heart rate. Similarly, amphetamines increase neurotransmitter levels in the brain, which can also lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure. ß-blockers, like metoprolol and propranolol, can be used as they block the receptors associated with these responses. However, care must be taken when prescribing these medications as they can lead to adverse effects such as bradycardia or heart failure, particularly if overprescribed. When treating a patient with HTN and tachycardia due to cocaine or amphetamine intoxication, it is important to monitor the patient closely, manage any electrolyte imbalances, and consider the potential for underlying cardiac issues that these stimulants might exacerbate.