Final answer:
The pathophysiologic changes associated with metabolic alkalosis include hypokalemia and sometimes arterial hypoxemia. Hypokalemia is a common direct compensation, whereas arterial hypoxemia is not directly associated but can be related under certain circumstances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathophysiologic changes associated with metabolic alkalosis include several potential compensations and imbalances. This condition can lead to a compensatory mechanism such as hypokalemia, which is a lower-than-normal level of potassium in the bloodstream that occurs because of an exchange process where potassium is lost in the urine.
Another change is arterial hypoxemia, which is a lower than normal level of oxygen in the arterial blood, although this is less directly associated with metabolic alkalosis itself but can sometimes be related. Other conditions like compensatory hyperventilation, reduced tissue oxygen availability, ionized hypercalcemia (increased calcium levels), or decreased digoxin effect can occur with various acid-base imbalances, but they are not typically direct results of metabolic alkalosis.