Final answer:
The 11-year-old boy with various symptoms likely has Fragile X Syndrome, which is an X-linked dominant genetic disorder with a possibility of co-morbid conditions such as ADHD and autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic status can impact IQ scores. A learning disability differs from a developmental disorder by being specific to one area of learning, despite normal overall intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic Inheritance and Comorbid Conditions
The case presented, involving an 11 year old with developmental delay, poor school and social performance, IQ of 50, macrocephaly, long face, and macro-orchidism, suggests a diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome. This is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. The inheritance pattern for Fragile X Syndrome is X-linked dominant, meaning that it can be inherited from a carrier mother. The associated physical traits and intellectual disability are more severe in males due to the presence of only one X chromosome.
Co-morbid conditions can include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety and mood disorders, which are frequently seen in individuals with Fragile X Syndrome. When considering the impact of socioeconomic status on IQ scores, research suggests that children in poverty may experience stress that negatively affects brain development, possibly leading to lower IQ scores.
Learning Disability vs Developmental Disorder
A learning disability is a specific impairment in a particular academic area, despite average to above-average overall intelligence. In contrast, a developmental disorder, such as intellectual disability, affects general intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, often with a lower IQ and difficulty performing everyday tasks.