Final answer:
Negative logic is a representation system where a logical '0' corresponds to a higher voltage than a '1', and it is not defined by the presence of NOT operators. It also connects to logical principles such as the law of the excluded middle and the normativity of logic, which set reasoning standards to avoid contradictions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Negative logic refers to a system of representation where logical '0' corresponds to a higher voltage than logical '1'. While the options provided could be considered patterns of using logic operations, they do not define what negative logic is specifically. Traditionally, positive logic is where a higher voltage represents a logical '1' and a lower voltage represents a '0'. Negative logic just inverses this representation.
In terms of logical statements and their relation to negative logic, we can discuss the law of the excluded middle and the law of noncontradiction. The law of the excluded middle states that for any proposition, either that proposition or its negation must be true, and the law of noncontradiction implies that a proposition and its negation cannot both be true. An example of a statement and its negation following these laws is: 'The light is on' and 'The light is not on'. In the realm of negative logic, if we considered 'The light is on' (true) to be represented by a lower voltage and 'The light is not on' (false) by a higher voltage, this would illustrate the application of negative logic.
Logic is considered normative because it sets standards for reasoning and aims to avoid contradictions, such as the impossibility of someone being both a certain height and not that height at the same time.