Final answer:
If undergoing a "no gyro" approach, the pilot relies on air traffic control for headings and maneuvers due to inoperative gyroscopic instruments. Pilots must wait for specific ATC instructions for each turn, maintaining a standard rate of turn.
Step-by-step explanation:
During a "no gyro" surveillance or precision approach, the pilot should make all turns at the discretion of the air traffic controller. This approach procedure is used when the aircraft's gyroscopic instruments, which include the heading indicator and the attitude indicator, are inoperable. In such a case, the pilot loses the ability to accurately determine the aircraft's heading and attitude, relying instead on ATC instructions for guidance to ensure a safe approach and landing.
The air traffic controller will give the pilot specific heading and altitude instructions, often saying "turn left/right" or "stop turn," to ensure the aircraft arrives safely at the runway. Each maneuver should be performed at a standard rate, which is typically a three-degree per second turn that results in a complete 360-degree turn in two minutes.