Final answer:
The axillary nerve can be injured from shoulder dislocations, humerus fractures, direct blows, falls on an outstretched hand, and repetitive shoulder movements seen in certain sports. Surgeries around the shoulder also pose a risk of injuring the axillary nerve.
Step-by-step explanation:
Common Causes of Axillary Nerve Injury
The axillary nerve can be injured due to several mechanisms. Shoulder dislocations are a common cause whereby the humeral head is displaced, leading to nerve stretching or compression. Another frequent cause is fracture of the humerus, since the axillary nerve is closely associated with the bone in the region of the surgical neck. A direct blow to the shoulder or a hard fall onto an outstretched hand can lead to trauma that affects the axillary nerve.
In sports, repetitive motions such as throwing, swimming, or racquet sports can lead to inflammation around the shoulder joint and may indirectly cause axillary nerve damage. Moreover, surgeries or medical procedures around the shoulder can inadvertently result in axillary nerve injuries.
Due to its location, the axillary nerve is particularly susceptible during surgical procedures such as shoulder arthroscopy and open surgery for shoulder stabilization, or during a shoulder replacement. Understanding the risk factors and common causes of injury can aid in prevention and prompt management of any axillary nerve damage.