Final answer:
In an E-R diagram, each regular entity type is transformed into a relation, which is equivalent to a table in a relational database, with attributes and instances from the E-R diagram becoming columns and rows in the table, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
In an Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram, each regular entity type is transformed into a relation when converting to a relational database schema. This transformation is part of the process of database design, which involves mapping the conceptual representation of the data (captured in the E-R diagram) into a form that can be readily implemented in a relational database management system. The term relation in this context is synonymous with a table in the database, where each attribute from the entity becomes a column in the table, and each instance of the entity (or row in the E-R context) becomes a row in the resulting table.