Final answer:
The key difference between citizens and permanent residents is that only U.S. citizens can vote in federal elections and hold federal office, among other exclusive privileges such as holding a U.S. passport and being eligible for federal jobs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between citizens and permanent residents of the United States is that only citizens can vote in federal elections and hold federal office. While permanent residents have many rights, such as living and working in the United States, attending public schools, and qualifying for some Social Security benefits, there are key privileges reserved for citizens. These include voting in federal elections, holding federal office, traveling with a U.S. passport, becoming eligible for federal jobs, and becoming an elected official. Engaged citizenship involves supporting and defending the Constitution, informing representatives about important issues, and participating in public life to influence policy.