Final answer:
Coarctation of the aorta is a possible congenital pathology associated with a much higher blood pressure in the upper extremities. It can lead to complications such as hypertensive retinopathy and affect blood flow in the arms. Diagnosis and treatment options are available.
Step-by-step explanation:
In instances where there is a much higher blood pressure in the upper extremities, a possible congenital pathology could be coarctation of the aorta. Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body, which can result in increased blood pressure in the arms compared to the lower extremities.
This congenital condition can lead to various complications, such as hypertensive retinopathy, myocardial infarction, heart failure, nephropathy, strokes, confusion, headache, convulsion, and elevated sugar levels. It can also affect blood flow and circulation in the upper limbs, which may result in symptoms like cold hands and weak pulses in the arms.
Diagnosis and management of coarctation of the aorta involve imaging tests like echocardiography and cardiac catheterization to confirm the condition and determine the severity. Treatment options can include medication to lower blood pressure, balloon angioplasty, or surgical repair of the narrowed segment of the aorta.