Final answer:
Anomaly detection and ERPs are used to identify unusual patterns that deviate from expected behavior, useful in settings like information security. A study found that increased cognitive load led to more false positives but not an increase in false negatives in threat detection. This research is significant in human factors psychology and information security.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anomaly detection systems and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) are used to identify unusual patterns or events that do not conform to expected behavior. Specifically, in the context of an information security center as discussed in the work by Bruno & Abrahão (2012), these tools can help in detecting security breaches. The study cited focused on the decision-making accuracy within a security center where operators were tasked with identifying security threats. An important finding of the study was that with an increased number of decisions or cognitive load, the rate of false positives, or false alarms, increased. However, the rate of false negatives, or missed real threats, did not increase with the cognitive load. This research is vital for the areas of human factors psychology and information security, demonstrating how the volume of operator decisions can impact the accuracy of threat detection.