Final answer:
The Supreme Court case that confirmed the supremacy clause in the matter of the Bank of the United States was McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819. It established the principle that federal laws have supremacy over state laws and confirmed the implied powers doctrine, which allows Congress broad authority to enact laws considered necessary and proper.
Step-by-step explanation:
The case that upheld the supremacy clause in the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). This landmark decision reinforced the principle of national supremacy by asserting that federal laws and the Constitution are the supreme law of the land, trumping conflicting state legislation. Under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall, the Court used the necessary and proper clause to support the federal government's ability to establish a national bank and ruled that states could not tax this federal institution.
Addressing the concerns of a political showdown between the state of Maryland and the national government, the Supreme Court's ruling established that Congress had the authority to charter the bank despite the Constitution not explicitly stating so. Furthermore, the opinion delivered by the Court emphasized that Maryland's imposition of taxes on the bank was unconstitutional. The doctrine of implied powers was also affirmed, providing Congress with discretionary power to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities.