Final answer:
Public flogging, branding, dunking, and keelhauling are examples of corporal punishment used historically as methods of discipline and control, particularly during the era of slavery and European imperialism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Public flogging, branding, dunking, and keelhauling are examples of corporal punishment, which is a form of physical punishment designed to cause pain as a method of discipline or control. Throughout history, especially during the times of slavery and imperialism, these punitive methods were used to instill fear, exert control, and punish disobedience. Enslaved individuals suffered various cruel and inhumane treatments like lashings and the use of punitive gear like neck braces, balls and chains, leg irons, and paddles with holes. Similarly, European imperialism employed such severe measures as chopping off the hands of African laborers not meeting rubber quotas, as seen in the notorious “Congo Free State” under King Leopold of Belgium. These brutal practices are now understood as egregious human rights violations.