Final answer:
In conservative therapy for CKD, fluid intake and protein intake are usually decreased to reduce kidney strain, while carbohydrate intake may be increased to fulfill energy needs without producing significant waste for the kidneys to process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question on the conservative therapy measures indicated in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is C. decreased fluid intake and protein intake; increased carbohydrate intake. In managing CKD, especially in the advanced stages, it is crucial to manage diet and fluid intake to reduce the burden on the kidneys. A common dietary regimen includes a low-protein diet, as the metabolism of proteins produces nitrogenous waste, which the kidneys must filter out. Therefore, protein intake is generally reduced to help alleviate the strain on compromised kidney function. Similarly, managing fluid intake is important because damaged kidneys may be less capable of handling excess fluids, which can lead to fluid overload and complications such as hypertension and edema. However, in contrast, it may be advisable to have an adequate or increased intake of carbohydrates for energy needs, as this macronutrient produces less waste for the kidneys to process compared to proteins and fats. Each patient's diet and fluid restrictions may vary based on the specifics of their condition and the recommendations of their healthcare provider.