Final answer:
During the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, monitoring for hypertension, electrocardiographic changes, and pulmonary edema is essential, as these are common complications associated with the decreased urine output and the body's response to the injury.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI), it is important to monitor the patient for a variety of symptoms and complications that may arise due to decreased urine output and the body's response to renal failure. These include:
- A. Hypertension: Increased blood pressure is common as fluid overload occurs and vasoactive hormones may be produced. It is critical to monitor for hypertension due to the risk of congestive heart failure.
- B. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes: Due to the accumulation of electrolytes like potassium (hyperkalemia), which can cause altered cardiac rhythms and ECG changes, monitoring for heart arrhythmias is necessary.
- C. Hypernatremia: Although sodium levels can be affected, in AKI, especially during the oliguric phase, hyponatremia is more common than hypernatremia, due to the dilution of sodium in retained fluids.
- D. Pulmonary edema: Fluid volume overload can lead to pulmonary edema, a life-threatening complication that requires immediate attention.
- E. Urine with high specific gravity: Inability of the kidneys to concentrate the urine often leads to a low specific gravity, not high, during the oliguric phase of AKI.
Therefore, the correct selections that apply to the oliguric phase of AKI are A. Hypertension, B. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, and D. Pulmonary edema.