Final answer:
Five risk factors for developing coronary artery disease include smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. CAD occurs when coronary arteries narrow because of plaque buildup. Treatments may include lifestyle changes, medication, and use of a stent to keep arteries open.
Step-by-step explanation:
Risk Factors for Developing Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition characterized by the narrowing of coronary arteries due to the buildup of plaques. This can result in decreased blood flow to the heart muscle, potentially causing chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other symptoms, and can lead to more serious conditions like heart attacks. The progression of CAD is typically slow and may begin as early as childhood. The following are five risk factors for developing coronary artery disease:
Smoking: Damages the lining of arteries and contributes to the buildup of plaque.
Hypertension (high blood pressure): Puts extra strain on artery walls, which can speed up the process of atherosclerosis.
Obesity: Often associated with other risk factors, such as hypertension and high blood triglycerides, and can independently affect the risk for CAD.
Diabetes: Significantly increases the risk of developing CAD, as high blood sugar can damage blood vessels and nerves that control the heart.
Hyperlipidemia: High levels of lipids in the blood can contribute to the formation of plaques in the arteries.
Treatment for CAD may include lifestyle changes, medication, balloon angioplasty, and the possible insertion of a stent. A stent is a small tube used to prop open an artery that has been cleared of plaque.