Final answer:
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists are medications that block the effects of angiotensin II, leading to decreased blood pressure and blood volume. They are used to treat hypertension and are exemplified by drugs such as Losartan and Valsartan.
Step-by-step explanation:
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs)
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs), also known as Angiotensin-2 Receptor Antagonists or ARBs, are a class of drugs that selectively block the binding of angiotensin II to its receptor. This action inhibits the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. Medications such as Losartan (Cozaar), Telmisartan (Micardis), Valsartan (Diovan), Candesartan (Atacand), Eprosartan (Teveten), and Irbesartan (Avapro) fall under this category. They are primarily used in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and to protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes.
By blocking the effects of angiotensin II, ARBs lead to vasodilation, and reduce the secretion of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which in turn decreases reabsorption of sodium and water, lowering blood pressure and blood volume. Angiotensin-Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs) are a newer combination therapy that includes both an ARB and a neprilysin inhibitor, further enhancing the ability to lower blood pressure and manage heart failure.