Final answer:
The fill level of a recovery cylinder can be determined using a graduated cylinder for precise volume measurements and applying physics formulas to calculate the pressure exerted by the liquid on the container surfaces.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fill level of a recovery cylinder can be determined by several methods, one of which involves using a graduated cylinder. When measuring small volumes, a graduated cylinder allows for precise readings by estimating where the bottom of the meniscus aligns with the markings on the cylinder. To calculate the amount of pressure applied to the walls and floor of a drum filled with liquid, like petroleum ether, you would use the principles of physics to determine the pressure at the top of the liquid which is then exerted on the drum's surfaces. Knowing the liquid's density and the height filled, you can apply the formula Pressure = Density * Gravity * Height (P=ρgh) to find the pressure on the drum's walls and floor.
An example involving a volume change is illustrated when a cylindrical volume of fluid has its height compressed by a piston, changing from an initial volume 'V subscript i' to a final volume 'V subscript f'. Here, the area 'A' of the piston and the height change 'delta h' would be used to calculate the change in volume.
In practice, to measure liquid volume in a graduated cylinder, as shown in Figure 2.2.1, you mentally subdivide the scale and make an estimation at the bottom of the meniscus. Additionally, when determining the density of an object using water displacement, as in Example 1.7, a piece of rebar is weighed and then submerged in a graduated cylinder filled with water, and the change in water level is noted to calculate volume and thus, density.