Final answer:
During inflammation, nociceptors release cytokines, which are signaling proteins that trigger inflammatory and immune responses. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are also released, causing pain and inflammation, and can be targeted by NSAIDs to alleviate pain.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an inflammatory soup is being produced during tissue damage or infection, nociceptors release various neurotransmitters. One key type of molecule released by nociceptors is cytokines. These are small proteins important in cell signaling that can trigger inflammation and other responses of the immune system. Nociceptors respond to potentially damaging stimuli by converting these mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli into electrical signals that the brain perceives as pain.
Substances like capsaicin from hot peppers can bind to nociceptors, tricking the body into feeling heat as pain. During inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes are also released by damaged cells, which contribute to the sensation of pain and facilitate the healing process. However, these substances can also cause unwanted side-effect of pain, which is why nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen are effective, as they inhibit prostaglandin production.