Final answer:
Radiographers can reduce patient apprehension and fears by providing honest information about radiation risks during radiologic exams. Radiation protection measures and units such as rad, RBE, and rem help manage these risks. Techniques like MRI exclude radiation risks, and devices measure exposure to ensure safety. Option 1,3 are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
During a routine radiologic examination, when radiographers use their intelligence and knowledge to answer patient questions about the risk of radiation exposure honestly, they can do much to alleviate patient apprehension, increase confidence, and reduce fears.
Devices such as the Anger camera, SPECT detector, and PET scan utilize ionizing radiation, which can manipulate DNA molecules thereby having the potential to both cure and cause cancer.
Radiographers must weigh the benefits of diagnostic information against potential risks and use protective measures such as proper shielding and limiting exposure. Moreover, radiation dosage and its effect on the body are measured using units like the radiation dose unit (rad), relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and the roentgen equivalent man (rem).
It's crucial to note that one technique, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), involves no radiation exposure danger, using radio waves in a resonance process that is sensitive to the density of nuclei, usually hydrogen nuclei-protons, to produce detailed images.
Additionally, radiation protection measures are employed to minimize risks, including minimizing time in radiation environments, maximizing distance from radiation sources, and using effective shielding. Devices like Geiger counters, scintillators, and dosimeters are utilized to detect and measure radiation.
Public policy often debates the combined impact of radiation from artificial and natural sources on human health. The risk assessment involves considering factors such as length of exposure, intensity of the source, and the energy and type of particle, which complicate the measurement of specific dangers from various radioisotopes. Still, general conclusions about the effects of radiation exposure are widely accepted.