Final answer:
The primary care provider refers a patient to an oncologist after a new diagnosis of malignant melanoma to ensure specialized treatment, which may include surgical excision and immunotherapy, due to the seriousness and complexity of this skin cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a primary care provider (PCP) transitions a patient's care to an oncologist after a new diagnosis of malignant melanoma, the PCP is engaging in the process of referral. This referral is necessitated by the complexity and seriousness of melanoma, which is a cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes in the skin, and the need for specialized treatment. Melanoma is well-known for being the most fatal of skin cancers due to its high potential to metastasize. It typically presents as asymmetrical brown or black patches with uneven borders and a raised surface. Treatment often includes surgical excision and immunotherapy, and an oncologist specializes in such treatments.
The PCP's role includes diagnosing early-stage melanoma, potentially using the ABCDE mnemonic which stands for Asymmetry, Borders, Color, Diameter, and Evolving, to help identify concerning moles. However, upon diagnosis of advanced or metastatic melanoma, the PCP will facilitate the transition to an oncologist, who will take over the management of the cancer with more specialized approaches. This transition often involves a thorough communication and transfer of medical information to ensure continuity of care.