Final answer:
To avoid hemoconcentration during venipuncture, a medical assistant should not leave the tourniquet on for more than one minute, ensure the patient is properly hydrated, and avoid having the patient repeatedly clench their fist. A capillary stick may be used instead of venipuncture when only a small sample is needed.
Step-by-step explanation:
To avoid hemoconcentration during venipuncture, a medical assistant should ensure that the tourniquet is not left on the patient's arm for longer than necessary. Ideally, the tourniquet should be applied for no more than one minute prior to needle insertion. This helps to prevent the undue pooling of blood in the vein, which can lead to an excessive concentration of cells and potentially alter test results. Ensuring proper hydration of the patient prior to venipuncture is also crucial, as it helps maintain normal blood volume and viscosity, reducing the likelihood of hemoconcentration.
Furthermore, instructing the patient to avoid clenching their hand into a fist repeatedly can also help prevent hemoconcentration. If only a small quantity of blood is required and suitable for the tests ordered, a capillary stick could be considered instead of a venipuncture.