Final answer:
The infection known as mononucleosis is primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), though Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can also be responsible. A test for heterophile antibodies can suggest a mono diagnosis, but cannot differentiate between EBV and CMV without further testing.
Step-by-step explanation:
Infectious Mononucleosis and Its Causes
Infectious mononucleosis (IM), commonly referred to as mono, is predominantly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as Human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4). While EBV is the most common cause, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5) can also result in mononucleosis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This viral infection is characterized by symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.
The Sure-Vue Mono Test is often used to detect heterophile antibodies indicative of an EBV infection. These heterophile antibodies cause hemagglutination, which is a clumping of red blood cells observable during testing. Although this test can support a diagnosis of IM, the presence of these antibodies alone does not differentiate between EBV and CMV infection. Therefore, a positive test result for these antibodies supports a diagnosis of mononucleosis, but does not conclusively determine which virus is causing the infection without further testing.
In summary, Epstein-Barr virus is the primary cause of mononucleosis, but CMV is also a possible cause. Confirmation of the exact virus requires more specific testing beyond the presence of heterophile antibodies. It is important to note that the clinical presentation along with laboratory findings are considered for a definitive diagnosis.