Final answer:
In the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum, the vertebral veins and the internal vertebral venous plexuses are observed. The vertebral vein starts around the base of the brain and the cervical region of the spinal cord. The ligamentum flavum is a ligament with elastic fibers, rather than a vein, providing support for the vertebral column.
Step-by-step explanation:
The epidural space near the ligamentum flavum contains the vertebral veins as well as the internal vertebral venous plexuses. These plexuses form a network of veins that surround the spinal cord and provide an alternative pathway for the blood to drain from the spinal cord back to the heart. The vertebral vein starts around the base of the brain and the cervical region of the spinal cord and it flows through the intervertebral foramina of the cervical vertebrae. It is an essential part of the venous drainage system of the spine and brain.
The ligamentum flavum itself, also known as the 'yellow ligament' due to its high content of elastic fibers, connects adjacent vertebrae and is an important support structure that allows the vertebral column to bend. It is not a vein but is mentioned in the context of the location of the epidural veins.