Final answer:
The correct answer is B) AV malformation, which refers to a complex, tangled web of arteries and veins in the brain or spine that forms congenitally and can disrupt normal blood flow.
Step-by-step explanation:
An enlarged and tortuous collection of cortical blood vessels that forms during developmental stages is called an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Therefore, the correct answer to the question is B) AV malformation. AVM is a congenital disorder where there is a complex, tangled web of arteries and veins in the brain or spine that can disrupt normal blood flow and oxygen circulation. Aneurysms are dilated blood vessels that can burst, causing hemorrhagic strokes, while thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, potentially obstructing the flow of blood. In contrast, an embolism is a blood clot or other debris that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a vessel.